Randy Orton

By: Dr. Squat

Introduction
(Richard Sandrak shown above is not known to use steroids)

I swore that I'd never get involved in the steroid controversy again. After writing a book on the subject back in 1980, I got so much flak from both the Feds and colleagues that I said, "That's it! I quit!" Apparently, they got the idea that I was condoning the use of steroids. They obviously never read the book.

I took a "neutral" stance on the subject of steroid use back then, and did so because 1) so many medical doctors were still prescribing steroids to their athletic "patients," and 2) those doing legitimate research into effects of steroids continually reported that, while long-term side effects remained unknown, in the short-term there were nothing other than mild, reversible side effects in everyone but young kids and women. Who was I to say they were wrong?

In retrospect, they were. And so was I.

But I'll get to that in a minute. First, let me tell you what prompted this article that I swore I'd never write. I hear kids talking about "juice." What kind to take and how much to take. Stack this, stagger that. I'm hearing it from an awful lot of youngsters just getting into the iron game. The kids, you see, BELIEVE damned near everything they read in the muscle mags!

Am I on a crusade to get rid of steroids? Hardly. The Crusades, in historical retrospect, were a failure, and I'm not into failure, fellow iron freaks! No indeed!

But let's get to the meat of the issue. Kids and juice. Let's look at some down-to-earth philosophical issues as well as some research.

The use of anabolic steroids among high school and junior high school boys is well documented. Two studies published by the Health and Human Services Department estimated that at least 260,000 students in grades 7 to 12 either use or have used steroids. The American Heart Association has estimated that at least half of all Division I college football players have used steroids over substantial periods of time. However, these and many similar studies are estimates. The full extent of the problem remains unclear.

What is clear, however, is that it's a GROWING problem. It's NOT subsiding, as some of the drug testing advocates like to claim (they're merely trying to justify their own existence).

Some of the potential health risks to kids, according to numerous authors, include temporary sterility, premature ossification of the growth plates in long bones, increased aggressiveness, acne, predisposition to connective tissue injury, and (among girls) irreversible masculinization. Some of the social risks include being accused of cheating and breaking the law.

The potential risks, whether real or merely hypothetical, short- or long-term in nature, and whether physiological, psychological or social in nature, are apparently perceived as acceptable by the young users. One important reason for this widespread acceptance of the potential risks is believed to be the belief in the greater consequences of abstinence.

Whoa! Time out! The greater consequences of abstinence? Yes. Yes indeed. Let me explain! This stuff is too important to ignore.

Some Of The Oft-Quoted Reasons For Youngsters Using Steroids Include:

* Fear of not making the team or getting noticed by the pro scouts
* Fear that your peers will not accept you unless you take the challenge or dare
* Fear that you'll lose in the competition for girls
* Fear that you won't be able to compete since all the other guys are using them
* Fear that your appearance or performance won't be as good as it could be, and that your own self-esteem will be diminished as a result.

The Justifications Proposed Often Include Arguments Such As These:

* The fact that so many of the highly paid, highly publicized and highly talented athletes have been caught using or admitted using anabolics;
*
* Athletes since sports history was first recorded have sought for and used all manner of performance enhancing aids, some safe or dangerous, some legal or illegal, but always for the purpose of gaining the elusive competitive edge;
* Young athletes feel invincible and therefore immune to the reported ill effects of the drugs; and
* The kids do not believe the medical community's dire warnings of POTENTIAL risks (they've been lied to too many times, and not just by the docs and coaches, but by morally corrupt drug pushers).

Kids don't know from POTENTIAL! They want to hear the bottom line! What's really REAL! What's PROVEN! No lies. No false promises of fame and riches, and no false admonitions of doom). NOW do you understand what I mean by the greater risks in abstinence? Hey, I was a kid once! If significant others in my life back then told me that unless I used steroids I'd never make the team and that I'd never get a girlfriend better looking than Olive Oyl or Sad Sacks' sis, why hell! I'd juice up too! Wouldn't you?

Well, MAYBE some of these oft-quoted reasons why kids are juicing up have validity. On the surface. But I believe that there are more insidious reasons which, by virtue of the adult populations' reticence to accept blame, have been totally buried. Perhaps the most insidious factors are how parents, coaches, the media and society in general:

Factors That Contribute To Using Steroids:

* Thrust the talented young athletes into daunting early sports development programs,
* Glorify youngsters willing to risk their bodies (and in some cases their morals) in order to win,
* Demand that the young athlete (or non-athlete for that matter) aspire to greatness at any cost,
* Live, eat, sleep and breathe -- and pass on to their progeny or readership -- the Lombardi-esque vision that winning isn't everything, it's the ONLY thing, and
* View the concept of adolescent (or pre-adolescent) behavioral deviancy.

OK, at least SOME personal responsibility has to be accepted by the youthful users. Acknowledged. So, let's go through some of these socio-cultural factors item-by-item, beginning with some (very) common interpersonal dynamics.

Socio-Cultural Factors

Factor One

Steroids are a frequent topic of discussion among all youngsters, especially athletes, and much misinformation is passed on during such bull sessions. Here's what happens. Permutations of the facts, ultimately for the purpose of self-justification, inevitably creep in as steroid discussions go from one bull session to the next (e.g., "I think he got them from his doctor" soon becomes "His doctor feels that steroids are OK," and then, "My doctor says I need them -- I must have a deficiency or something.")

Factor Two

Group consensus regarding the "need" for steroids most often take a "risky shift" as compared to independent judgment. Ever notice how a group of guys will almost always turn to the riskier alternative as opposed to the most conservative one? Thrill seekers? Perhaps. But the social dynamics, supported by years of social-psychological research, say otherwise.

These youngsters have made their decision to use steroids because of conformity pressure (pressure to make personal decisions in deference to either group consensus or the opinion(s) of significant others). Where does their info come from? Not the docs, because the docs aren't to be trusted. How many times have you heard, "They've lied before, and they're probably lying this time too." Just witness the billboards everywhere saying, "Drugs don't work." I beg your pardon!

So, from whom? How about the coach? Older brothers? Older teammates? The magazine photos of 'roided-up bodybuilders? Almost daily in the sports news? And, how 'bout the oft' quoted (drum roll, please) "Steroid Guru?"

Factor Three

Society demands (and rewards) greater and greater feats of athletic prowess. READ THE SPORTS PAGES! Athletes are constantly told that taking risks in sports is essential to success. And they're constantly informed that if you only get good -- REAL good -- then, the pros will draft you and give you millions. (Or, you'll get the girl, you'll make the team, you'll succeed, etc.). Are they wrong in their observation? No indeed. But, it really doesn't matter if it's right or wrong since it is the common PERCEPTION.

Randy Orton

Factor Four

An often-used definition of deviant behavior is "behavior which violates institutional expectations recognized as legitimate within a social system." Therefore, even in the young minds of our adolescents, the message is clear. Deviant behavior is seen as a reflection not only of the personality of the youngster, but the structure of the group in which the behavior was enacted.

Deviance cannot be considered merely as a violation of accepted standards of behavior by individual youngsters, but has to be seen rather in the context of the social system of sport in general, and -- in a more direct sense -- the athlete's teammates, students, teachers and coaches.

Using steroids is not, within this definitional approach to deviant behavior, regarded as deviant. In fact, it's regarded as not only normal but desirable! This is particularly true of you get away with it.

So, returning to the opening point of this article, herein lay the greater consequences of abstinence. The risk of NOT using steroids is seen, in a collective (social) sense, as being greater than using them.

Combative Strategies Used To Date

Social-systemic forces notwithstanding, the prevailing mood of the public (certainly at least in part prompted by widespread media coverage) is to combat steroid use in sports. "After all," it's often argued, "the sacrosanctity of mans' last bastion of purity is at stake."

Aside From This Heartfelt Rationale, There Are Other Ethical And Moral Issues:

* The athlete may suffer physical or psychological harm;
* One athlete's use may coerce others to do so in the interest of parity;
* Drug use is unnatural and any success results from external factors;
* Users have an unfair advantage over non users.

Yesalis, in his very excellent and comprehensive book on the subject of anabolic steroid use in sports (1993), contends that each of these issues has inconsistencies despite their intuitive appeal. Many times in the book, the contributors objectively point out discrepancies and ambiguities in the research literature as well as its value. Yesalis does this with the four points above.

I believe that steroid use among youth must be combated. There are just too many biochemical, psychological and physiological reasons, and too many unanswered questions, to condone it. Certainly we cannot ignore the issue.

Neither punitive testing nor providing medical rationale which include "scare tactics" have proven sufficiently effective to warrant reliance on them (Ferstle, 1993; Yesalis & Wright, 1993). And neither has educating our youth (Yesalis & Wright, 1993). Further, no organization has come up with a solution to the problems of the excessive costs of drug testing nor the persistently higher than acceptable incidence of false-negatives (primarily from the ever-increasing sophistication of athletes' detection circumvention techniques) and false positives.

Ferstle (1993) and Kammerer (1993) both make the point that drug testing is still in its infancy, and that the complexity, cost, training and legal factors involved mitigate against total reliance on the practice. They both contend, however, that it has been partially effective (at least in some sports), and that it will only be effective when more money, training, research and planning are forthcoming, and providing the incentives for drug abuse decrease.

That is a very big "if."

There are several strategies that have been applied during the past decade to combat anabolic steroid use among adolescents and pre-adolescents. Chief among them are four strategies frequently proposed (Yesalis & Wright, 1993). Yesalis and Wright offered the following alternatives and comments:

ALTERNATIVE COMMENTS
Legalization: An End to Hypocrisy? Not acceptable. Athletes would either expose themselves to further harm or compete at a disadvantage
Interdiction Through Law Not completely viable and fraught with Enforcement & Testing? problems. Open to debate.
Education: Anybody Listening? No panacea, but holds promise. Noncompliance, distrust and lack of scientific evidence present major problems.
Our Values Must Change If we cannot control our narcissistic or competitive natures, then we must resign ourselves to AAS use, even among our children. We're not likely to change.

To date, no organization has adequately addressed the issue of how to effectively manipulate the way children are drawn into sport in a way that will discourage drug abuse. Media, the prevalence of drug abuse among parents and others of significance in our youths' lives, and societal inertia mitigate against the development or implementation of such a plan.

Feeble attempts on the part of marketeers in the sports nutrition industry have been made, but most have been either laughable owing to false claims related to efficacy or similarity to steroids, or downright dangerous and subsequently pulled by the FDA. This is not surprising in light of the "drugs are good" mentality operative in that industry.

Still, in my view, finding viable alternatives to steroids may well be worth the effort. If such alternatives exist, youthful steroid users may opt for the less risky alternative. I do not believe any other strategy has the power to make this happen. I believe that the use of steroids is not regarded as so risky that kids -- or adults -- won't use them.

What Can We Do? What SHOULD We Do?

The prevailing mood of the public, largely attributable to the story-mongering media, is to combat steroid use in sports. "After all," it's argued, "the sacrosanctity of humanity's last bastion of purity is at stake."


Has Sports EVER Been "Pure?"

Hell, has MAN?

What about the substance abuse of the ancient Olympians? Was the demise of ancient sport due to the increase in professionalism back then? Was the "win-at-all-costs' mentality to blame for whatever substance abuse was prevalent then? Is anything different nowadays?

In another century, in the true spirit of Gladiatorial Rome, will it not be MANDATORY for athletes (and aspiring ones) to use drugs? Then, will it be "right?"

This is an argument which could go on and on without resolution. But, I sincerely believe that steroid use among YOUNGSTERS must be combated for sure. Morals aside, among adolescents and pre-adolescents there are just too many biochemical, psychological and physiological reasons (including too many unanswered questions) for avoiding steroid use to ignore the problem.

There are several strategies that have been applied during the past decade to combat anabolic steroid use among adolescents and pre-adolescents. Chief among them are two strategies with either unproved or limited effectiveness, but acknowledged potential:

* Providing a viable alternative that will deliver (at least) similar results, and
* Building viable religious, humanistic, moral and socio-psychological cases (readily understandable and acceptable to our youth) against using the drugs.

In my opinion, neither punitive testing nor providing medical rationale which include "scare tactics" have ever proven sufficiently effective to warrant their continuance. And neither has educating our youth. Further, no organization I know of has come up with a solution to the problems of the excessive costs of drug testing nor the persistently higher than acceptable incidence of false-negatives (primarily from the ever-increasing sophistication of athletes' detection circumvention techniques) and false positives.

Most of us have already "written off" the current and older generations of athletes with respect to their former or current drug use habits. On the one hand, a great majority of them are beyond redemption, reclamation and caring; and on the other hand, they don't think they're doing anything wrong at all. There is NO guilt in their hearts. Further, when you look at the history of steroid use around the globe (particularly in the USA), there was indeed a time when many family doctor freely dispensed them to athletes young and old.

To date, no organization has addressed the issue of how to effectively manipulate the way children are drawn into sport (or society in general) in a way that will discourage drug abuse. Media, the prevalence of drug abuse among parents and others of significance in our youths' lives, and societal inertia mitigate against the development or implementation of such a plan.

I leave you with these abominable thoughts: 1) let the steroid pushers have their way, 2) let the medical comunity control and monitor steroid use, or 3) recall that the Nazis and the ancient Spartans both had a pretty good handle on how to control their youth which (I'm confident) included techniques that may still work in this modern age.

BodybuilderItalian

Thank you for the add on Jimmy Wang Wang

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Teen "roid rage" can last into adulthood

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Teen "roid rage" can last into adulthood


Contact: Renata Nyul at 617 373 7424

(3-6-06) BOSTON, Mass. - A new study reveals that anabolic steroid use in teenagers may have a long-term impact on their brains, causing aggression to last for years after quitting the drugs. Professor Richard Melloni, Jr., Ph.D. and his colleagues at Northeastern University studied the behavior of hamsters while on steroids and then after withdrawal. The findings are published in the latest issue of Behavioral Neuroscience, a journal of the American Psychological Association.

Melloni and two of his graduate students discovered that hamsters showing levels of tame play-fighting similar to human teenagers became aggressive when injected with commonly used steroids. The full-blown aggression lasted for long periods during the hamsters' adult life, leaving the team to estimate that teens who use steroids may become adults with behavioral problems. Autopsies performed on the hamsters that went through withdrawal revealed inner changes in their brains that correlated with outward aggressiveness.

"Steroids step on the gas for aggression by enhancing the activity of brain areas that induce aggression," says Melloni. "Some of the effects may wear off after withdrawal, but aggressive behavior won't stop immediately, leaving them to be a danger to themselves and others."

According to the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA), an estimated half a million teenagers (eighth- 10th- and 12th-graders) abuse anabolic-androgenic steroids (AASs), annually. Neuroscientists say that steroid use at that stage of a teenager's life can lead to heavier use later, not to mention the likelihood of offensive aggression and other psychiatric problems.

"We hope teenagers realize that achieving excessive muscle mass and unrealistic athletic achievements are not worth the damage steroids can cause," says Melloni.

Melloni is hopeful that these findings will be helpful in treating aggressive and offensive behavior with or without drug use.

Additional findings point to permanent changes in the brain caused by drug use during a specific time in a young person's life. These release of these findings are forthcoming.

"There is a critical developmental period for the brain during teenage life, when drug use can result in permanent damage," says Melloni. "We're finding for instance, that serotonin levels, which play a part in depression, may be altered forever."

For the full text of the article, please visit the American Psychological Association's Web site at www.apa.org/journals/releases/bne1201115.pdf.

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NASP CQ 34-7 - Steroids in Adolescence

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Steroids in Adolescence: The Cost of Achieving a Physical Ideal
By Sarita Gober, Malky Klein, Tzippy Berger, Cristina Vindigni & Paul C. McCabe, NCSP
Media accounts of young athletes committing suicide have recently captured the national spotlight (e.g., Wilson, 2005). What appeared unique about these adolescents and young adults is that they were also using steroids to enhance performance and increase body mass prior to their deaths. Their deaths were attributed to steroid use by their families and physicians, as they committed suicide shortly after discontinuing their use. Many questions followed, including Congressional hearings on March 17, 2005, to investigate the prevalence of steroid use in adolescents as well as possible links to suicidal ideation and/or intent (Government Reform Minority Office, 2005). It has been argued by many medical experts and researchers that adolescents are susceptible to negative effects from steroid withdrawal as they are particularly vulnerable to hormonal swings (Wilson, 2005). This article will review the neurobiological mechanisms of steroid effects, the possible relationship with psychological states such as mood, cognition, and suicidal behavior, and implications for school psychologists.

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Side Effects of Steroid Usage

According to the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA), anabolic steroids, particularly those in high doses, increase irritability and aggression. Some steroid abusers report that they have committed property crimes, such as stealing from a store, damaging or destroying others’ property, or breaking into a house or a building. Abusers who have committed aggressive acts or property crimes generally report that they engage in these behaviors more often when they are actively taking steroids (NIDA, 2005). Anabolic steroids have also been reported to cause other behavioral effects, including euphoria, increased energy, sexual arousal, mood swings, distractibility, forgetfulness, and confusion. Some studies of steroid usage have reported that a minority of their subjects develop behavioral symptoms that were so extreme that they disrupted their ability to function at work or in social settings. In a few cases, the subjects’ behaviors presented a threat to themselves and others (NIDA, 2005). Other symptoms described among AAS users included increased risk-taking behavior, extreme egocentrism, cognitive rigidity, altered physical identity, increased feelings of superiority, and extreme mood changes (Gonzalez, McLachlan, & Keaney, 2001).

Among men, heightened levels of testosterone lead to decreased luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), both of which are required for spermatogenesis. The results are decreased sperm count, atrophied testicles, and impotence. Although sperm counts usually return to normal after cessation of drug use, testicular atrophy often is irreversible. When excess testosterone from steroids is converted to estrogens, male users may suffer from gynecomastia, in which breast-like tissue develops (Millman & Ross, 2003). In the female body, anabolic steroids cause masculine effects, such as hirsutism (abnormal hair growth), deepening of voice, clitoral hypertrophy, and male pattern baldness, and are irreversible (NIDA, 2005). Acne, increased libido, and menstrual irregularities also may be observed (Millman & Ross, 2003).

Steroids may affect growth and maturation. Rising levels of testosterone and other sex hormones normally trigger the growth spurt that occurs during adolescence. When these hormones reach certain levels, they signal the bones to stop growing. When a child or adolescent takes anabolic steroids, the artificially increased level of sex hormones can signal the bones to stop growing prematurely (NIDA, 2005).

Steroid abuse is associated with cardiovascular disease, including heart attack and strokes, even in athletes younger than 30 (NIDA, 2005). Continued use may lead to elevation in certain liver enzymes, which in turn can bring about cholestatic jaundice, a serious and potentially fatal condition (Millman & Ross, 2003). Steroids are also associated with liver tumors and a rare condition called peliosis hepatis, in which blood-filled cysts form in the liver. Both the tumors and the cysts sometimes rupture, causing internal bleeding (NIDA, 2005).

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Adolescents and Steroids
According to NIDA, more teenagers are actively using steroid drugs while fewer are worrying about the dangers. In 2005, there was an increase among 10th grade boys from 2% to 2.7% (WebMD Medical News). According to NIDA Director Dr. Alan Leshner, steroid use has increased 50% in 8th graders and 10th graders since 1991. The period of risk of AAS dependence starts during secondary school. Approximately 6.6% of male high school seniors had used AAS during the pervious year (Gonzalez, McLachlan, & Keaney, 2001). NIDA estimates that 500,000 young Americans are currently using steroids.

As reported by the NIDA, national surveys indicate that girls account for about one-third of the high school students who abuse steroids. Many girls who take steroids have eating disorders, and those taking steroids are usually engaged in athletic activities. The primary reason offered by girls who use steroids is to lose fat and gain lean muscle. However, most research has focused on the male prototype and only recently have studies begun to examine females who take steroids.

Disturbance in body image.
Body image can be defined as a construct by which to view how a person understands, feels and behaves in regard to their physical characteristics. The construct can be further understood in terms of body image evaluation and investment. The former describes how a person perceives their physical appearance while the latter refers to the effort a person invests into changing their appearance (Morrison, et al., 2004). To date, little research is available on body image in males (Stout & Wiggins Frame, 2004). Body builders are at greater risk for disturbances in their body image (Kindlundh, et al., 2001). The muscular physiques featured in the media are very difficult to achieve through healthy means, and may be a result of anabolic steroid usage, dehydration, and other unhealthy practices (Stotu & Wiggins Frame, 2004). Researchers describe a body image disorder called muscle dysmorphia (MD), which is an extreme preoccupation with one’s body, poor insight into actual body size or weight, and rigid dietary practices. In addition, the disorder may contribute to impairments in social or occupational functioning. MD has been described in both males and female who weight train, as well as individuals who abuse anabolic steroids (Volkow, 2005). MD is becoming more common among adolescents, and studies have shown that MD in adolescence can affect one’s body image well into adulthood (Stout & Wiggins Frame, 2004). The disorder is associated with greater body dissatisfaction, depression, and perfectionism, and is characterlogically similar to women with eating disorders (Stout & Wiggins Frame, 2004). In addition, researchers have linked the presence of average to low self-esteem and poor school achievement with steroid usage (Kindlundh, et al., 2001).

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Psychological Side Effects of Steroid Use
Although the adverse physical effects of steroid use have been widely reported, fewer studies have examined the psychological effects of steroid use. Recently media attention and congressional hearings have raised the question of a possible link between steroid use and suicide. Although suicide causality has not been verified, a number of studies have established that steroid use can result in harmful psychological effects.

Aggression is frequently cited as one consequence of steroid use (Burnett & Kleiman, 1994). High doses of steroids can increase aggression, and have been implicated in numerous instances of violence and aggression by athletes and body builders (Trenton & Currier, 2005). While there is usually a weak link found between aggression and anabolic steroids, very high doses, such as those taken by body builders and athletes, have been shown to trigger aggressive and violent behavior. While steroids can trigger negative reactions in any age group, it is during the teenage years that aggressive inhibitors are being developed. Steroids, such as testosterone, can interfere with brain development and may alter long-term capacity for aggressive inhibition (Benson, 2002).

Other studies examining the psychiatric effects of anabolic steroids have found them to cause or intensify psychiatric symptoms. Pope and Katz (1988) found significantly more frequent affective and psychotic symptoms during steroid exposure. Twenty-two percent of 41 body builders and football players presented with a full affective syndrome during periods of steroid use while 12% met DSM-III-R criteria for psychotic symptoms, such as auditory hallucinations and paranoid delusions. Examples of psychotic features included a subject who developed the paranoid delusion that his friends were stealing from him while another developed the grandiose delusion that he could pick up a car and tip it over. Impulsive and manic behaviors were also evident, such as a 23-year-old man who purchased a $17,000 sports car while using steroids—upon stopping to take the drug, he realized he could not afford the car and sold it, only to buy a $20,000 sports car the following year during another cycle of steroid use.

In their review of published literature regarding steroid use and its ramifications, Trenton and Currier (2005) found several adverse psychological effects associated with steroid use. One study found that mood changes occurred within days of initiating anabolic steroids, and other studies reported that their subjects experienced mania in association with steroid use. Another study compared athletes who were steroid users to those that were not steroid users. They found that 23% of the athletes using anabolic steroids experienced one or more manic episodes, hypomanic episodes or major mood syndromes, such as major depression (Pope and Katz, 1994).

Often, the cessation of steroid use can also result in adverse psychological effects. Depression is a common consequence of steroid withdrawal (Trenton & Currier, 2005). Pope and Katz (1988) found that 12% of their subjects developed major depression upon withdrawal from steroids. Similarly, severe depression can occur during withdrawal and, if not treated properly, can result in suicide (NIDA, 2005). Although suicide has been associated with steroid use, the direct relationship is not yet clear. Often suicides completed while the individual was actively using steroids occurred in conjunction with manic behavior and were more impulsive in nature. However, suicide completed during withdrawal was often premeditated and in association with severe depression. In either circumstance, anabolic steroids may have been one of the factors contributing to the completion of suicide (Trenton & Currier, 2005).

Although causality has not yet been established (Trenton & Currier, 2005), there may be certain psychological characteristics that influence the use of steroids by adolescents. Ricciardelli and McCabe (2003) found that low self esteem predicted body dissatisfaction among adolescent boys and girls, a trait which has been correlated with steroid use. Burnett and Kleiman (1994) were unable to find unique personality characteristics that differentiated athletic adolescents who used and did not use steroids. There is no definitive evidence as to whether a particular personality characteristic predisposes an adolescent to steroid use or whether negative psychological symptoms emerge as a result of steroid use.

1quick1

this was a very good article

Muscled Welsh Webmaster

and suggest something that any self respecting male teenager would have nightmares about

Which in plain English means:

Your p****s will shrink if you do steroids

Abyss

Thank you Hump, could'nt have said it better!

BodybuilderItalian

[QUOTE=Bighump;13572]I agree it may be exaggerated a little bit, but the whole point of this thread is to stop teenagers from useing steriods. If they see studies there most likely going to belive it.